Mountain Biking For Beginners
Learn MTB Basics to Stay Safe and Have Fun
August 14, 2023
The author mountain biking in the desert. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
Mountain biking may seem like an intense or daunting sport to get into, but it doesn’t have to be. Anyone with basic bike riding knowledge can get out on the dirt with a bit of extra know-how and a few essential gear items. Our beginner’s guide to mountain biking is here to help you have fun and stay safe on your bike, no matter your budget or level of experience.
Before heading to the trails, it’s important to have some basic bike knowledge. If you’re completely new to biking, spend some time on quiet streets or dirt roads to get comfortable first. You should feel confident riding on pavement, dirt, and gravel roads in order to safely transition to mountain bike trails. Once you’re out on the dirt, you’ll find a fun new form of riding around on two wheels.
Curious about what MTB gear you need? See our Mountain biking gear checklist: essentials and MTB accessories
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Mountain biking in the desert. Knowing where and which type of mountain bike riding appeals to you the most can help you get the skills and gear you need. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
Mountain biking basics
Before venturing to the trails or even buying your first bike, it’s good to have some baseline knowledge of mountain biking—the different styles of riding, types of bikes, and general trail etiquette. With this essential base of knowledge, you’ll have more fun and stay safer when you hit the dirt for the first time.
Mountain biking styles
There are multiple styles within the sport of mountain biking, and each style has a specialized bike type that’s best suited for it. While there are plenty of bike options out there that can bridge the gap between some of these styles, it’s helpful to know which type of riding appeals to you the most so you can select the type of bike intended for that type of riding.
CROSS COUNTRY
Cross country mountain biking takes riders on trails that flow—they link nicely and allow the rider to find a nice groove—with a mix of climbing and descending throughout the ride. There is an emphasis on a good blend of both uphill climbing and downhill riding (without anything too steep). While this style is sometimes considered mellower riding, there’s often a focus on aerobic exertion and climbing strength to test fitness and endurance.
Many cross country biking trails can include technical sections with natural features like rocks and roots, but cross country riding does not generally include built features like jumps. If you’re a beginner mountain biker, cross country riding is a great place to begin and build skills on the trail.
TRAIL AND ENDURO
Trail and enduro biking take cross country biking up a level, with a bit more emphasis on the downhill and the occasional jump, berm, or riding feature added into the mix. (A berm refers to a bermed corner or banked corner. You can read more about them here.)
Trail riding is becoming one of the most popular types of mountain biking, largely because it finds a nice balance between mellower cross country riding and more intense downhill biking. If you’re new to mountain biking, it’s best to get a few cross country rides under your belt before jumping on trails like this—but this style of biking is a great way to keep challenging yourself once you’ve gotten comfortable on your mountain bike.
The author’s bike after a sunset ride. A bike is an investment that can take you to a lot of beautiful places and be a lot of fun. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
DOWNHILL AND BIKE PARK
Downhill mountain biking lives up to its name with an unabashed penchant for speed while flying down steep terrain. Oftentimes, downhill riding also includes riding through bike parks with large jumps and terrain features. Downhill bikers spend less time climbing up, often using lift-accessed bike trails or shuttling vehicles. Many ski resorts will convert to accommodate bikers in summer, with the chairlifts running for access to biking trails and bike parks.
Downhill mountain biking is for experienced riders who are comfortable and controlled on their bike since there is a much higher risk of injury in downhill riding than in any other type of mountain biking. If you’re just getting started, you should avoid bike parks altogether. These trails are intended for experts only and often have sections of steep drops, big berms, or large jumps and features that would be impassible to riders without the necessary skills and experience.
The author riding single track. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
TYPES OF MOUNTAIN BIKING TRAILS
Within the world of mountain biking, there are different types of trails as well as different difficulty ratings that are often posted, especially in areas with more extensive trail systems. It’s important to know what the riding will be like before you head out. Find a trail map of your area to get familiar with what’s around, and look for signs posted at trailheads and junctions that indicate the difficulty level of the mountain bike ride. Understanding both the types of trails and rating systems will help you pick a ride that’s fun for you.
Take a look at what your nearby areas have to offer in terms of mountain biking trails. Some will have excellent cross-country riding and offer plenty of miles without too much elevation gain or steepness. Other places, especially mountainous areas, will have trail systems that include more technical and steeper terrain. Knowing what you’ll most often have access to can help you pick the right bike and plan fun routes to ride.
SINGLETRACK
Singletrack is the most popular and sought-after type of trail for cross country and trail riders. Singletrack is similar to a narrow hiking trail, with space for one person at a time. This type of trail often offers the best balance of flow and technicality. Many cross country singletrack trails will allow for two-way traffic, with the downhill rider yielding to the uphill rider. Some singletrack trails will be one-way, with a specific track for the uphill and a separate one for the downhill.
DOUBLETRACK
Doubletrack is wide enough to allow for riders going in both directions. This type of trail makes yielding to other bikers and hikers easier, though they sometimes do not flow as well or offer as much of a technical challenge as singletrack trails.
BIKE PARK
Bike parks are specifically designed for downhill riders looking for jumps and terrain features. They’re intended for experienced riders who are prepared for the features. If you’re just getting started, save bike parks for after you’ve gotten some technical experience on trails.
Riding single track in Colorado often requires linking trails. A good map can help you with navigation. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
Mountain Biking Safety Tips
Keeping yourself and others safe while mountain biking is an essential prerequisite to the fun that comes with riding on dirt. Keep these tips in mind whenever you ride, whether you’re brand new to the sport or a trail-hardy pro.
TRAIL ETIQUETTE
Whether you’re going up or down, slow or fast, it is very important to be aware and stay mindful of trail etiquette when mountain biking. Trail etiquette is so important, we have a whole section on it below. Mountain bikers should follow the same Leave No Trace principles as hikers and others recreating on the trails. While principles like respecting wildlife by giving them plenty of space are common to all trail users, there are two bike-specific Leave No Trace details to keep in mind.
The first is to avoid muddy trails on your bike whenever possible. If it’s early season and snowmelt or spring rains are soaking the trails, seek out trails in areas that you know will be dry. Riding on muddy trails creates ruts from bike tires that ruin the smooth surface of the dirt—and will make it more difficult for you and others to ride that trail in the future. If you do accidentally find yourself in a muddy section, it’s best to walk or ride your bike along the muddy section rather than veering off-trail, which will cause damage to the trailside flora.
Secondly, riding on multi-use trails means you’ll likely be sharing space with other bikers, hikers, and even horses. On these trails, remember that bikes should yield to hikers and horses on the trail, with downhill bikers yielding to uphill bikers. This system of yielding is important for all trail users’ safety, as bikers move the fastest on the trails—especially on the downhill. Horses are particularly easy to spook and can injure themselves, their riders, and passing bikers. Always be aware of who is in front of you when you’re on your bike, and if you’re biking uphill and need to pass someone, kindly alert them before doing so.
You’ll find more info on general trail etiquette and LNT on the International Mountain Bike Association (IMBA) website.
TRAIL NAVIGATION
Mountain biking often involves linking multiple trails together for a ride. Take a good look at your trail map before beginning your ride and know where you plan to go, what the distance is, and have an idea of how long you’ll be out for. Carry a trail map with you when riding to ensure you stay on the right path. Having GPS navigation can be helpful as well. There are some great apps available, like MTB Project, that can show trail maps of your area and help with navigation—but be aware that some of these programs need cell service to function, so if you’re biking in an area without good coverage these may not be as reliable. As with any outdoor adventure, having a hard copy of a map on hand is always a good idea, whether you’re using GPS or not.
KNOW YOUR ABILITY
It’s good to challenge yourself, but knowing your own abilities and avoiding terrain that’s too advanced for you is crucial to staying safe. Take note of trail ratings, if available, while planning your bike route. Start small and work your way up as you learn skills and become more comfortable. Many of the programs available for trail navigation (like MTB Project) will also list trail ratings. See more below on trail ratings to help you find the right trail for you.
WEAR A HELMET
If there’s one place to spend a little extra money, it’s on a mountain biking helmet. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
There is little to no dispute in the mountain biking community about wearing a mountain bike helmet. Whether you’re going out for a casual cross-country ride or heading to the bike park, you should always wear a helmet that is specifically designed for biking.
Helmets designed for other sports, like climbing, or even road cycling helmets do not offer the same construction that’s designed specifically to protect your head in the event of a bike crash.
A MTB helmet is by far your most important and essential piece of gear. There are a plethora of options on the market for a good mountain bike helmet.
Here are some things to think about when it comes to mountain biking helmets:
Ensure the helmet is designed for biking to get the appropriate protection; mountain-biking-specific helmets will offer convenience features specific to riding on trails, but a good road cycling helmet will offer similar or often identical impact protection features as a good mountain bike helmet.
Look for added safety features, like Mips, that add protection against rotational impact.
Don’t buy used—and if your helmet shows significant wear or damage, replace it with a new one. We at Treeline Review are big fans of buying used for almost every piece of equipment out there, but a bike helmet is not something you should ever buy used.
If you’re riding downhill trails or dipping into the bike park, wear a full-face bike helmet. If you’re hitting jumps and spending time at higher speeds on the most technical terrain, additional protection is needed since a crash in these conditions will be more damaging. Full face bike helmets protect not just your head, but your face and jaw as well.
PROTECTIVE GEAR
Mountain bikers who are focused on fast downhill riding especially, but also those who like trail or enduro-style riding, may want additional protection along with a good helmet. Knee pads can help keep your knees and legs safe from injuries induced by crashing or skidding out on the trail. More advanced riders who hit jumps and terrain features may also want long-sleeved shirts and pants or even back protection for extra padding in the event of a crash. For recommendations, see our Best MTB Elbow Pads and Best MTB Knee Pads guides.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
Depending on where you live or what your seasonal preferences are for biking, you could be riding in anything from sweltering heat to sub-freezing cold.
The best time for mountain biking is usually in the summer months, where heat is your biggest concern. Always carry plenty of water and electrolytes with you on every ride and bring snacks for a longer mountain biking adventure.
Be aware of the symptoms of heat exhaustion and dehydration, and don’t be afraid to turn around or cut your ride short when necessary for safety. If you live in a particularly warm area, prioritize morning and evening rides in the summer to avoid the most intense daytime heat. Our tips for staying hydrated while trail running apply for mountain biking, too. These include estimating water needs, understanding hydration's impact on performance, and knowing the signs of dehydration.
Be sure to have a way to carry water with you during your ride–whether that's in a MTB backpack, MTB hip pack, or by having a MTB-specific water bottle holder (with a fully loaded water bottle in there).
To maintain fluid balance, in addition to water, eat salty foods and use electrolytes.
Riding in the shoulder seasons or even in winter may mean you’ll be biking in cooler temps with a greater chance of encountering precipitation. You’ll also be likely to find ice and snow on the trails, so you’ll want to ride with extra caution and ensure your tires have good tread. Wear insulated bike gloves and pack a couple of extra layers for your ride in case the weather changes on you.
When the temperature really dips, or the precipitation comes on full boar, be aware of frostbite, hypothermia, and dehydration. Ensure your hands and core are staying warm enough and avoid getting your base layers wet. It can take some extra reminders to stay hydrated in the cold, so try to consciously take sips of water throughout your ride. My guide for tips for running in the cold applies to mountain biking as well, including on how to stay hydrated, warm-up tips, and safety concerns.
For more of our favorite bicycle gear recommendations, see our most popular Gear Guide stories:
MOUNTAIN BIKE GEAR ESSENTIALS
A helmet is an essential piece of mountain biking gear. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
For an extensive list of MTB gear essentials and accessories, see my MTB gear checklist.
HELMET
A mountain bike-specific helmet is your most crucial piece of gear, and you should never ride without one. While a road biking or commuter bike helmet will work just as well as a mountain biking helmet (given they have similar safety features to Mips), mountain bike-specific helmets will also have features that are designed for performance and comfort on the trails.
Some have visors to protect from branches and other trail debris, and some have a place to store sunglasses for the climb up. These features, along with fit and comfort, incentivize you to keep your helmet on your head rather than stowing it. Other features to consider are venting, weight, and style.
While the most expensive helmet isn’t always the safest one, if there’s one place to spend a little extra money, it’s here. The best mountain bike helmets have a winning combination of protection, comfort, breathability, and style. Above all, select a helmet with good protection, including good foam and some form of rotational impact protection (like the Mips safety system). Although it may initially sound vain, people are much more likely to wear their helmets if they feel they look good in them—so don’t be ashamed to let style influence your decision.
We recommend the Fox Speedframe Pro for its impressive balancing act of protection, comfort, style, and price. Read our guide to the Best Mountain Bike Helmets to help you find the right model for you.
Example of a bike with a full suspension. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell
BIKE SHORTS
While you can certainly ride your bike in any shorts you want, having mountain bike shorts can make your ride more comfortable. Unlike road cycling, where cyclists wear only one layer of padded, spandex shorts, mountain biking favors two layers: one padded shorts layer (called a chamois) for comfort, and a looser outer bike short for protection and pockets. If you plan to do a good deal of cross-country style riding or plan on going on long rides in general, it is a good idea to at least have a pair of chamois shorts for comfort. If you prefer a women’s fit and are looking for recommendations, check out our story on the Best Women’s Mountain Bike Shorts and Best Men's Mountain Bike Shorts.
Flat pedals are the easiest and most cost-effective way to learn. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
BIKE SHOES AND PEDALS
The most important thing to consider when it comes to biking footwear is to wear something secure and closed-toe. You never want to ride in sandals or shoes with an open back; proper footwear protects your feet and keeps you from losing a shoe. You can ride in any sneakers you have, though there are bike-specific shoes that offer an upgrade in performance.
There are two main categories of MTB shoes and bike pedals in the mountain biking world: flat pedals with flat, grippy shoe soles; and clip-in pedals with compatible shoes.
Beginner mountain bikers will want to opt for flat pedals (aka platform pedals) with flat sole shoes since this is the easiest and most cost-effective way to learn. Clipless pedals give you more efficiency on the bike, but they’re costly, they take time to get used to, and the shoes cannot be worn around like flat-sole bike shoes.
It is worth noting that flat-sole mountain biking-specific shoes differ from regular sneakers in a couple of key ways. First, they have a stiffer sole that allows for better control and balance on the bike. Second, they have rubber and lugs on the bottom of the shoe designed specifically to grip flat bike pedals better. While regular sneakers will work, mountain biking-specific shoes will perform better when paired with a good pedal.
We recommend the men’s and women’s FiveTen Freerider shoe as an excellent choice for both new and experienced riders looking for a functional, durable shoe.
The plastic pedals often found on commuter bikes and other casual bikes are okay, but they don’t provide a ton of grip and are likely to break on the trail. Metal flat pedals offer the best grip and durability for mountain biking. For a good flat pedal under $100, we recommend the Crank Brothers Stamp 2.
MTB GLOVES
No matter what style of mountain biking you prefer, a good pair of gloves can help you keep your grip on the handlebars. They’ll also protect your hands in the event of a fall. For mountain biking, look for a full-fingered glove that offers a nice balance of grip, protection, and breathability. We like the Dakine Covert as a good, all-around glove. See my guide to Best Mountain Biking Gloves for more recommendations.
PROTECTIVE GEAR
If you find yourself searching for speed on steeper trails, it is a good idea to wear additional protective gear, like knee pads and elbow pads, for protection against falls.
SUNGLASSES
As with most outdoor activities, you should wear sunglasses when mountain biking in order to protect your eyes—both from the sun and from tree branches and other trail debris. These do not have to be biking-specific; any pair that fits and protects your eyes will do, though shatterproof sports sunglasses are best.
REPAIR KIT
Just like you should carry a first aid kit on any outdoor adventures, a bike repair kit is also essential when you’re out on two wheels. What should you put in it? My bike repair list is a good place to start, but ultimatelyyou’ll want to get to know your bike and its specific components. That way, you can carry the necessary pieces to keep you going in the event of a flat tire or minor malfunction.
MTB BACKPACK OR HIP PACK
Whether you prefer to carry a MTB backpack, hydration pack, or waist pack, it’s a good idea to tote some kind of pack along on rides. You’ll want something to carry repair kits, water, snacks, sunscreen, or extra layers for your rides. We love the Dakine Session pack for all but the longest rides to carry the essentials without being too bulky.
Consistency, company, and bike care and maintenance are essential next steps to keeping up your mountain biking hobby. Photo courtesy Stasia Stockwell.
Choosing the Right Bike
When it comes to mountain biking, some gear is necessary while other items are just convenient to have. Here’s the lowdown on the types of gear to know about, what’s a must-have, and what’s nice but not necessary.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A MOUNTAIN BIKE
Even within the subset of mountain biking, there are several different types of bikes. Each style of mountain biking has a different bike designed specifically for those trail conditions. Deciding which style of mountain biking most appeals to you will help you pick the right bike for the job.
Tip: If you are planning to spend money on a new bike, take the time to ride a few different styles before making your decision. Check your local bike shop. Many will offer some sort of discount if you rent or try a demo bike that you eventually buy from them. If your friends have bikes, ask to take theirs out for a spin to get a feel for how different bikes ride. At the very least, a shop should always let you take a new bike out into the parking lot to ensure the size and bike fit feels right before purchasing.
SUSPENSION: HARDTAIL VS. FULL SUSPENSION
There are two main suspensions you’ll find on mountain bikes: hardtail and full suspension. A hardtail bike will only have suspension (shocks that absorb some of the impact) in the front, or suspension fork, of the bike, while a full suspension will have shocks in both the fork and in the rear of the bike.
Hardtail bikes are best for cross-country-style riding. Because there is no suspension in the rear of the bike, they are lighter and more efficient on the uphill, requiring less effort from the rider. Hardtail bikes will be less expensive than full-suspension bikes because the extra suspension costs more.
Full suspension bikes are heavier but better for trail, enduro, and downhill riding since they offer more impact absorption with the rear suspension. This means that the bike will be heavier and less efficient while climbing, but more comfortable and fun to ride on the downhill. That comfort is a bit more costly—full suspension bikes can run a few hundred dollars (or more) than hardtail bikes.
The amount of suspension a bike has is often referred to as travel. The less travel (also called short travel) a bike has, the less impact it will absorb, but the more efficient it will be on climbs. The more travel (long travel) a bike has, the more impact it will absorb, though it will sacrifice climbing efficiency. Travel is measured in millimeters, and the number of millimeters listed is how much the shock will compress at its maximum. So, the higher number listed for travel, the higher the amount of impact the shock will be able to absorb. Most bikes on the market today will have suspension with travel anywhere from 100mm on the low end (mostly cross-country bikes) to upwards of 200 for true downhill bikes.
MOUNTAIN BIKE STYLES
You’ll see bikes classified three or four ways in shops and online: cross country, trail/enduro, and downhill. Each corresponds with the terrain they’re best for riding and generally has the following features.
CROSS COUNTRY (HARDTAIL AND SHORT-TRAVEL FULL SUSPENSION)
Cross-country bikes often have a hardtail design for maximized climbing. Full suspension cross country bikes will have shorter travel, typically between 90mm and 110mm.
TRAIL / ENDURO (MID-TRAVEL FULL SUSPENSION)
Trail and enduro bikes will be a bit more downhill-leaning than cross-country bikes. They will be full suspension with mid-travel, usually 120mm to 170mm. Trail bikes tend to offer a great balance between climbing capabilities and downhill performance.
DOWNHILL (LONG-TRAVEL FULL SUSPENSION)
Downhill bikes are specifically made for times when ample suspension is the priority: intense, fast riding, as well as jumping and hitting terrain features. These bikes will always be full suspension, with at least 170mm of travel (or upwards of 200mm of travel).
Downhill bikes are not good for climbing, and their full suspension makes them expensive. In our opinion, they’re only worth the investment if you are an experienced rider who plans to spend most or all of your time going downhill fast—and at least some time in the air.
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT MOUNTAIN BIKE
Buying a mountain bike, whether new or used, is an investment worth pondering before making your move. Consider your level of experience starting out: are you completely new to biking, or do you have some road riding or casual biking experience? What style of mountain biking appeals to you most? Are you interested in mellower rides with fewer technical features, or do you want to go fast on flowy downhill trails?
If you’re brand new to biking, consider starting out with a hardtail cross-country bike so you can get comfortable on the trails and hone your basic bike skills. If you’ve got some biking experience and like a nice mix of downhill riding with your climbing, consider a low- or mid-travel bike that will offer a good deal of versatility. You should only consider a downhill, long-travel bike if you are an experienced, expert trail rider ready to progress to downhill riding.
If you’re looking for the most bang-for-your-buck, a hardtail bike is the way to go. Since you save money by not having rear suspension, you can often find a great deal on a bike that has nice components for much cheaper than a full-suspension bike. Hardtail bikes are the best option for both new riders and folks on a budget and provide a lot of fun, versatility, and efficiency on the trails.
As mentioned, it’s a great idea to demo or borrow a bike before committing to a big purchase like this, if you can. Do some research, talk to the folks at your local bike shop, and test out some bikes to know you’re buying the right one for your needs and riding style.
FINDING USED MOUNTAIN BIKES
New mountain bikes can be surprisingly expensive. The good news is that, unlike running shoes that may only last a year, mountain bikes are made of tough materials that last a long time if taken care of. Scan local classifieds, Craigslist, or used bike stores to find great deals to get you started. We also like Pinkbike for their BuySell page for a variety of used bikes in a range of prices.
There are a few things to keep in mind when buying a used mountain bike. Ensure that the bike is the right size for you and suits your riding style well. Check to see whether the bike has been well maintained or whether you’ll need to spend some time fixing it up or replacing components. If you can consult a friend with bike knowledge before purchasing, this is a great idea. If not, consider taking the bike to a local shop for them to look at it (this service won’t be free, but it will be worthwhile given the amount you’ll end up spending on the bike.)
Lastly, consider how old the bike is and what you’re looking for in your new-to-you bike. Bikes depreciate in value quite a bit, especially after a couple of years. This is largely because bike technology and frame designs are changing and advancing rapidly right now in the mountain bike industry. This means that a 10-year-old mountain bike may still be a quality ride, but it’s going to have some major differences from new bikes on the market now—primarily in frame shape (known as frame geometry) but probably in suspension, too.
Newer bikes are also more likely to include features like dropper seat posts and shock lockouts. If you’re looking for a solid bike to get you started, you’ll likely be able to find something a few years old that offers quality components at a great price. If you want the latest frame geometry and are more particular about the specs of your bike, then it will be best to look for something that’s only a few years old at most.
Skills and techniques
Body positioning and balance
Body positioning and balance play a critical role in mountain biking, directly impacting control on various terrains, especially challenging sections. To maintain control, riders should keep a low center of gravity, with slightly bent knees and elbows, allowing them to absorb bumps and rocks while maintaining traction. Keeping the head up and looking forward helps identify obstacles and hazards.
Proper weight balance between the front and rear wheels is crucial. During climbs, shifting weight forward keeps the front wheel down for traction. Conversely, on descents, shifting weight back maintains control and prevents tipping over. In turns, leaning the body into the direction of the turn maintains balance and control.
Developing body positioning and balance requires practice and experience. Initially, beginners may struggle to maintain proper form, especially on technical sections. However, with time and persistence, riders can improve skills and develop muscle memory, facilitating balance even on challenging terrain. Enhancing body positioning and balance not only prevents accidents and injuries but also boosts overall confidence and enjoyment of the sport.
Shifting gears and using brakes effectively
These skills enhance control, prevent accidents, and improve speed and efficiency.
Gear shifting involves selecting the appropriate gear for the terrain and conditions. Lower gears are used for climbing, while higher gears are suitable for flat or downhill sections. Maintaining a consistent cadence, the speed at which pedals turn, is important. Smooth gear shifts preserve cadence and momentum.
Using brakes effectively is equally important. Apply both brakes simultaneously to control speed and maintain bike stability. The front brake provides more stopping power, while the rear brake aids stability and prevents flipping. Apply gradual and even pressure to avoid skidding or loss of control. Avoid braking while turning to maintain traction and avoid sliding.
To improve shifting and braking skills, practice on different terrains. Start with easy trails and progress gradually. Pay attention to body positioning and select appropriate gears for the terrain. Practice braking on different surfaces to understand bike response. With practice, muscle memory develops, instilling confidence for seamless gear shifts and effective braking.
Mastering gear shifting and brake usage enhances control, prevents accidents, and increases enjoyment on the trails.
Cornering and maintaining control
Cornering is a vital skill in mountain biking that involves navigating turns with precision and maintaining control. To corner effectively, proper body positioning and weight distribution are essential. Shift your body weight to the outside pedal as you approach a corner, lowering your center of gravity and increasing traction. Lean the bike into the corner while keeping your head up and looking ahead to maintain balance.
Maintaining control during cornering requires skillful use of brakes and speed modulation. Adjust your speed by braking or releasing pedal pressure before the turn. Smoothly apply pressure to the brakes, gradually releasing them as you exit the corner to prevent skidding and maintain control.
Choosing the correct line through a corner is crucial. Look for the smoothest and most efficient path, considering terrain, obstacles, and trail conditions. Aim to hit the apex of the corner, turning closest to the inside, and exit in a wide and controlled manner.
Practicing cornering on various trails will refine your skills. Start with gentle turns and progress to tighter corners and more technical terrain. Focus on maintaining balance and control while improving speed and line selection.
Mastering cornering techniques enhances your confidence and skill as a mountain biker, allowing you to navigate trails efficiently and with greater enjoyment.
Climbing and descending techniques
Climbing and descending are crucial aspects of mountain biking that require specific techniques to navigate challenging terrain with control. When climbing, maintain an efficient energy management strategy by shifting your weight forward, keeping a steady pedaling cadence, and choosing an appropriate gear. Use your body as an aid by leaning forward, engaging your core muscles, and adapting your body position to maintain traction and balance.
When it comes to descending, maintain a low and balanced body position with bent knees and elbows. Position your weight evenly between the front and rear wheels, and anticipate the trail ahead by looking ahead and choosing the best line through obstacles. Utilize both brakes with gradual pressure modulation to maintain control without skidding, and keep a loose grip on the handlebars to absorb vibrations and maintain responsiveness.
Practicing climbing and descending techniques on a variety of terrains will help you refine these skills. Focus on maintaining control, adapting to different gradients and obstacles, and gradually increasing your confidence. By mastering these techniques, you'll become a more skilled and confident mountain biker, capable of tackling challenging ascents and thrilling descents with ease.
Negotiating obstacles and trail features
Negotiating obstacles and trail features is a vital skill in mountain biking, requiring specific techniques for speed and control. When approaching obstacles like rocks or logs, choose a smooth line and maintain an aggressive yet balanced body position. Lift the front wheel to clear the obstacle, followed by the rear wheel if necessary. For larger obstacles, preload the suspension, generate lift with your body, and land smoothly.
When tackling trail features such as drops or jumps, maintain controlled speed and a balanced body position. Approach with a slightly back weight distribution, loosen your arms and legs, and lift the front wheel. Preload the suspension, use your body to generate lift, and land with centered weight.
Practicing obstacle negotiation and trail features on different terrains will refine your skills. Focus on control, adapt to various features, and gradually build confidence. Mastery of these techniques leads to a more skilled and confident mountain biker, capable of conquering obstacles with ease and enjoying the ride.
Trail know-how: Ratings and etiquette
MOUNTAIN BIKE TRAIL RATINGS
Understanding trail ratings and difficulty levels is essential for mountain bikers as it helps them select appropriate trails that match their skill level and preferences. Trail ratings provide valuable information about the technicality, terrain, and challenges riders can expect to encounter.
Many popular mountain bike trail systems will offer trail ratings, much like runs at a ski resort. For detailed descriptions of each trail rating, take a look at this resource from the International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA). It’s always a good idea to take note of trail maps and trail ratings before heading out on a ride.
Trail ratings typically use a standardized system, such as green (easy), blue (intermediate), black (difficult), and double black (extremely difficult). Each rating corresponds to specific features and obstacles riders will encounter on the trail.
Green trails are beginner-friendly, featuring smoother surfaces, gentle slopes, and fewer technical features. These trails are ideal for novice riders who are developing their skills and gaining confidence.
Blue trails are more intermediate in nature, offering a step up in difficulty. They may include moderate climbs, descents, and technical sections. Blue-rated trails require a higher level of bike handling skills and fitness, making them suitable for riders who have progressed beyond the beginner stage.
Black trails are considered advanced or expert level, offering a greater challenge for experienced riders. They often feature steeper climbs, more technical descents, rock gardens, roots, and other obstacles that require advanced bike handling skills, balance, and endurance.
Double black trails are reserved for highly skilled and experienced riders. They present the most demanding and technical terrain, including steep and challenging climbs, descents with significant drops or obstacles, and highly technical features. Riders attempting double black trails should possess excellent bike handling skills, advanced fitness, and a willingness to take on intense challenges.
Understanding trail ratings enables riders to select trails that align with their abilities and preferences. It helps prevent accidents, frustration, and overexertion on trails that may be too difficult or too easy. By matching their skill level to appropriate trails, riders can enjoy a fulfilling and rewarding mountain biking experience while gradually progressing and improving their skills.
Trail etiquette
Trail etiquette plays a vital role in creating a positive and enjoyable experience for mountain bikers and other trail users. By adhering to these guidelines, riders can promote safety, respect, and environmental preservation.
Yielding
Yielding the right of way is a fundamental aspect of trail etiquette. Being aware of other users and giving priority to hikers, runners, and equestrians is crucial. Slowing down, communicating your presence, and providing sufficient space for them to pass fosters a cooperative and inclusive trail environment.
Stay on established trails
Preserving trail sustainability is another important consideration. Stick to designated trails and avoid creating new paths or taking shortcuts. By staying on established trails, we prevent erosion, protect vegetation, and maintain the natural balance of the surroundings.
Leave No Trace
Leaving no trace by carrying out any trash or waste further preserves the environment.
Communicate with fellow riders
Courtesy and consideration towards fellow riders are essential. Use clear signals to communicate your intentions and give ample space when passing. Keeping a safe distance from other riders reduces the risk of accidents and allows for prompt reactions. Offering assistance to those in need and fostering a friendly community spirit enhances the trail experience for all.
Respect and protect the natural environment
Respecting and protecting the natural environment is a fundamental principle. Avoid littering and ensure all waste is carried out. Be mindful of wildlife and vegetation, refraining from disturbing or damaging them. Leaving the trail in the same or better condition than you found it showcases responsible stewardship.
Know the trail rules and regulations
Familiarizing oneself with specific trail rules and regulations is paramount. Each trail system may have unique guidelines, such as designated hours or seasonal closures. Understanding and adhering to these rules ensure safety and compliance with local regulations.
By embracing trail etiquette, we cultivate a positive and harmonious trail environment. It promotes safety, respect for others, and environmental preservation. Let us all contribute to a shared culture of responsible trail use, ensuring that the trails remain enjoyable for present and future generations of mountain bikers.
Planning and preparing for a ride
Planning and preparing for a ride is crucial for a safe and enjoyable mountain biking experience. Begin by researching and selecting a suitable trail based on your skill level, fitness, and preferences. Check weather conditions and dress appropriately.
Ensure your bike is in good working condition by performing a pre-ride inspection and making necessary repairs. Carry essential tools like a multi-tool, tire levers, spare tube, and a pump for on-trail maintenance.
Stay hydrated and nourished during your ride by carrying water or a hydration pack, along with snacks or energy bars. Inform someone of your ride plans, including your intended route and estimated duration.
Wear proper safety gear, including a well-fitted helmet and additional protective equipment like knee and elbow pads, gloves, and eyewear.
Pack emergency items such as a first aid kit, a fully charged cell phone, and a whistle. Familiarize yourself with basic first aid procedures.
By planning and preparing adequately, you can ensure safety, minimize risks, and fully enjoy the mountain biking experience.
Joining a mountain biking community
Joining a mountain biking community can greatly enhance your experience as a rider. The benefits are numerous, including learning opportunities, camaraderie, and a sense of belonging.
Being part of a mountain biking community allows you to learn from experienced riders. They can provide valuable insights on technique, trail selection, and equipment. Their guidance can help you improve your skills, tackle challenging terrain, and overcome obstacles.
The sense of camaraderie within the community is another advantage. Sharing the passion for the sport with like-minded individuals creates a strong bond. Riding together, sharing stories, and celebrating achievements builds lasting friendships and a supportive network. The community becomes a source of motivation, encouragement, and inspiration.
Joining a mountain biking community opens doors to group rides and organized events. These experiences allow you to explore new trails, discover hidden gems, and enjoy the sport in a social setting. Group rides provide shared experiences, challenges, and triumphs, fostering unity among riders. Organized events, such as races or charity rides, offer opportunities to test your skills and immerse yourself in the vibrant mountain biking community.
Being part of a community also provides access to valuable resources and information. Online forums, social media groups, and local club gatherings keep you updated on trail conditions, gear reviews, and upcoming events. Sharing knowledge and experiences within the community creates a culture of continuous learning and growth.
In conclusion, joining a mountain biking community offers a range of benefits. Learning from experienced riders, forming friendships, participating in group rides, and accessing resources all contribute to a richer and more enjoyable mountain biking experience. Embrace the opportunity to connect with fellow riders, as it can enhance your skills, expand your horizons, and make the sport even more rewarding.
Progressing as a mountain biker
Progressing as a mountain biker is an exciting journey that involves continually improving your skills, pushing your limits, and expanding your riding capabilities. With dedication, practice, and a growth mindset, you can enhance your riding abilities and tackle more challenging trails.
To progress as a mountain biker, it's essential to set specific goals and targets. Whether it's conquering a technical section, improving your climbing skills, or increasing your speed, having clear objectives helps guide your training and focus your efforts. Break down your goals into smaller, achievable milestones to track your progress and celebrate your accomplishments along the way.
CONSISTENCY OVER INTENSITY
Seasoned riders will generally tell you that consistent time on your bike is more important than the intensity of each ride you do. Of course, it’s fun to try new trails as you make progress on your bike. But the best way to hone your skills is by riding consistently. Get out as often as you can—even if it’s just for short rides—and you’ll see your confidence and technique grow exponentially over the course of a season.
Consistent practice is key to improving as a mountain biker. Make time for regular rides and dedicate sessions to specific skills you want to develop. Focus on areas such as cornering, jumps, drops, or technical climbs. Practice drills and exercises that target these skills, gradually increasing the difficulty as you improve.
Pushing yourself
Pushing yourself outside of your comfort zone is crucial for growth. Challenge yourself to try new trails or ride with more experienced riders who can inspire and mentor you. Embrace failure as a learning opportunity and don't be afraid to take calculated risks to expand your abilities.
Guidance and coaching
Seeking guidance from experienced riders or professional coaches can accelerate your progress. They can provide valuable insights, technique refinement, and personalized feedback to help you overcome challenges and reach new levels of proficiency. Take advantage of workshops, clinics, or riding camps to enhance your skills and knowledge.
Training and conditioning
Maintaining a balanced approach to your training is essential. Incorporate strength and conditioning exercises into your routine to improve your overall fitness, stability, and endurance. Cross-training activities such as yoga, hiking, or gym workouts can complement your riding and improve your overall performance.
Have fun
Lastly, remember to have fun and enjoy the process. Mountain biking is an adventure that offers endless opportunities for growth and self-discovery. Embrace the joy of riding, appreciate the natural surroundings, and savor the sense of accomplishment as you progress and conquer new challenges on your mountain biking journey.
Basic bike maintenance
If you find yourself riding frequently, you’ll need to stay on top of bike maintenance. After particularly dirty rides, give your bike a good cleaning with water or a bike cleaning solution. Keep an eye on basic components, like brake pads, and replace them or drop your bike off at a shop for a tune-up as needed. This will keep you having fun on the trail and help your bike last as long as possible.
Basic bike maintenance is crucial for keeping your mountain bike in top shape and ensuring optimal performance, reliability, and longevity. By investing time and effort into regular maintenance, you can prevent issues, improve your riding experience, and extend the lifespan of your bike.
Regularly cleaning your bike is essential to remove dirt, mud, and grime that can cause premature wear. Use a gentle soap, water, and a soft brush or sponge to clean the frame, wheels, drivetrain, and other parts. Thoroughly dry your bike to prevent corrosion.
Inspect your bike before each ride. Check tire pressure, brakes, and drivetrain components for wear or damage. Tighten any loose bolts and ensure the suspension (if applicable) is functioning properly.
Use chain lube regularly to keep your chain and drivetrain in good shape. Regularly lubricate moving parts to ensure smooth operation and prevent corrosion. Apply lubricant to the chain, derailleurs, cables, and suspension pivot points. Wipe off excess lubricant to avoid attracting dirt.
Maintain proper tire pressure for optimal performance and traction. Check the recommended pressure range and inflate the tires accordingly.
Consider taking a basic maintenance class or consulting a professional mechanic if you're unsure about your maintenance skills. They can teach you essential tasks like adjusting gears and brakes, replacing tubes, and servicing suspension components.
By dedicating time to basic bike maintenance, you'll enhance your riding experience and prolong the life of your mountain bike. Regular cleaning, inspection, lubrication, and tire maintenance will keep your bike in excellent condition, ensuring reliability and peak performance on the trails.
MOUNTAIN BIKING VS. ROAD CYCLING
Mountain biking differs from road cycling and casual bike riding in several ways. While the basic concept is the same, there are different types of riding surfaces, styles of bikes, and specific skill sets unique to mountain biking.
Road bikes, of course, are meant to be ridden on paved surfaces while mountain bikes are designed to tackle rough terrain. Because of this, the bikes are designed differently. Road bikes have lighter frames with no suspension, skinny tires, and, often, curved handlebars for comfort while riding.
Mountain bikes have more substantial frames with suspension in the front and/or back of the bike. A trail bike will have much wider tires with larger lugs for better traction. The handlebars on mountain bikes are straight for a more upright riding position compared to that on a road bike.
There are also bikes built specifically for bikepacking, which generally fall somewhere in between the style of a road bike and a mountain bike. To dive deeper into this style of bike, see our review on the Best Bikepacking Bikes and our guide on How to Get Started Bikepacking.
Any type of biking requires a great deal of focus and attention. Road biking requires the rider to be aware of other vehicles, riders, people, and road obstacles when biking. Mountain biking requires the rider to be conscious of other bikers and hikers, as well as technical trail features and conditions, like roots, rocks, berms, and trees along the trail.
Along with the focus required when riding a bike comes the joy of being purely in the moment in nature. Pedaling and flowing along singletrack trails brings a sense of freedom and excitement that’s tough to beat, and it’s a big part of what makes mountain biking such an enticing sport to many folks.
A note on E-bikes
E-bikes (and electric mountain bikes) are becoming more popular both on and off the trails, and there is much debate about where they belong. While these electric-motor-powered bikes open up doors for folks who may be hesitant to hop on a bike, many mountain biking trail systems do not allow e-bikes. Always check local trail rules and regulations before heading out.
It’s also important to remember that these bikes give inexperienced riders the ability to go much faster than they would on a normal bike—and they may or may not know how to handle those speeds. If you’re riding an e-bike, be especially aware of the trail’s hazards and cautious about your safety and the safety of those around you.
Whether you’re getting out on the trails for your tenth season or your very first time, mountain biking is a sport that anyone with the desire to get out on the trails and a few essential gear items can enjoy. We hope this has helped you load up with some basic bike know-how and trail etiquette, so you can experience the joy of some singletrack flow.
FINAL THOUGHTS
Having the right gear for your mountain bike rides will not only help to keep you safe, but it will make your rides more fun, too. Repair kits can make or break your day, and snacks and water can do the same.
Before you head out for a ride, it’s good practice to give your bike a quick look, lube your chain, and check all your gear before pedaling (and always wash your bike when you’re done riding!). Good bike maintenance and upkeep will make for better rides and lower the likelihood of mechanical problems on the trail.
Why you should trust us
A true mountain dweller, Stasia Stockwell feels far more at home on a high alpine ridge than on a busy city street. She writes primarily in the outdoor and adventure travel realm, focusing on destinations content and gear reviews that are intriguing and informative for newcomers and experts alike.
Stasia has worked as a backpacking guide in southeast Alaska and written for BACKPACKER, REI Co-op Journal, The Dyrt, and for Treeline. She’s an avid mountain biker and has been riding on two wheels since she was a kid on the trails of northern Utah. She now spends her summers logging as much pedal time as possible around her home in Breckenridge, Colorado, and beyond.
Read more about Stasia on her website on her author page.
